A Short History of Spacecraft Landings on the Moon

Many years have passed since the first spacecraft landed on the moon in 1966. From then until now, there have been many additional attempts with some succeeding and others failing. Here is a short history of some of these attempts.

自 1966 年第一艘航天器登陆月球以来，已经过去很多年了。 从那时起到现在，已经进行了许多额外的尝试，有些成功，有些失败。 以下是其中一些尝试的简短历史。

The Soviet Union’s Luna 9 spacecraft was the first to land on the moon. It touched down on the lunar surface in 1966. The landing came after several other Soviet spacecraft either did not reach the moon or crashed on the surface.

苏联的月球九号宇宙飞船是第一个登陆月球的。 它于1966年登陆月球表面。 在这次着陆之前，其他几艘苏联航天器要么没有到达月球，要么坠毁在月球表面。

The American space agency NASA says Luna 9 was the first spacecraft to carry out a soft landing on the moon. It was also the first to send “photographic data” from the moon’s surface to Earth. Luna 9’s landing proved “the lunar surface could support the weight of a lander and that an object would not sink into a loose layer of dust as some models predicted,” NASA said.

美国宇航局NASA称Luna 9号是第一艘在月球上进行软着陆的航天器。 它也是第一个从月球表面向地球发送“照片数据”的国家。 NASA 表示，Luna 9 号的着陆证明“月球表面可以支撑着陆器的重量，并且物体不会像一些模型预测的那样沉入松散的尘埃层中”。

In May 1966, the United States followed with its Surveyor 1 mission. NASA describes this effort as “the first of a series of seven robotic spacecraft sent to the moon to gather data in preparation for NASA's Apollo missions.” The successful soft landing of Surveyor 1 “was one of the great successes of NASA's early lunar and interplanetary program.” Both the U.S. and Soviet Union had other successful robotic landings.

1966 年 5 月，美国执行了测量者 1 号任务。 美国宇航局将这项工作描述为“一系列七艘机器人航天器被送往月球收集数据，为美国宇航局的阿波罗任务做准备”的第一个。测量者 1 号的成功软着陆“是 NASA 早期月球和行星际计划的伟大成功之一”。 美国和苏联都有其他成功的机器人着陆。

Next, the countries aimed to be the first to land humans on the moon. In 1969, NASA successfully landed Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon. The U.S.

接下来，这些国家的目标是成为第一个将人类送上月球的国家。 1969年，美国宇航局成功将阿波罗11号宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗和巴兹·奥尔德林送上月球。美国

Apollo program sent 12 astronauts to explore the moon over six missions. Apollo 17 was the last in 1972. The U.S. is still the only country to land humans on the moon. NASA officials say the agency’s Artemis program aims to return astronauts to the lunar surface possibly by the end of 2026. China expands space efforts In 2013, China became the third country to successfully land a spacecraft on the moon.

阿波罗计划派遣 12 名宇航员执行六次探索月球任务。 阿波罗 17 号是最后一次发射，时间是 1972 年。 美国仍然是唯一将人类送上月球的国家。 NASA 官员表示，该机构的阿耳忒弥斯计划的目标是可能在 2026 年底前将宇航员送回月球表面。 中国扩大太空努力 2013年，中国成为第三个成功将航天器登陆月球的国家。

China landed an exploring vehicle, or rover named Yutu that year.

那一年，中国着陆了一辆名为“玉兔号”的探测车。

China followed with the Yutu-2 rover in 2019, this time touching down on the moon’s unexplored far side. In 2020, China successfully returned samples of rock and dirt collected by the rovers. The mission returned about 1.7 kilograms of lunar material collected from the near side of the moon.

中国紧随其后，于 2019 年发射了“玉兔二号”月球车，这一次降落在月球未探索的背面。 2020年，中国成功传回火星车采集的岩石和泥土样本。 此次任务返回了从月球近侧收集的约 1.7 公斤月球材料。

Then in 2024, another mission returned rock and soil samples from the less explored far side of the moon. China has said it aims to land its astronauts on the moon by 2030. Russian landing failure In 2023, Russia tried its first moon landing in nearly 50 years. The Luna 25 spacecraft was attempting to land near the lunar south pole.

然后在 2024 年，另一项任务从探索较少的月球背面返回了岩石和土壤样本。 中国表示，其目标是到 2030 年将宇航员送上月球。 俄罗斯登陆失败 2023年，俄罗斯尝试了近50年来的首次登月。 Luna 25 航天器正试图在月球南极附近着陆。

But it is believed to have crash landed on the moon’s surface.

但据信它已经迫降在月球表面。

The country’s last effort before that, Luna 24 in 1976, landed successfully and returned moon rocks to Earth. India succeeds on second attempt After its first lander crashed into the moon in 2019, India made its second attempt in 2023. The country successfully landed its Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft on the lunar surface. The mission made India the fourth nation to complete a moon landing.

在此之前，该国的最后一次努力是1976年的Luna 24，成功着陆并将月球岩石带回地球。 印度第二次尝试成功 继 2019 年首次着陆器撞月之后，印度于 2023 年进行了第二次尝试。 该国成功将“月船三号”航天器降落在月球表面。 这次任务使印度成为第四个完成登月的国家。

In January 2024, Japan became the fifth country to successfully land a spacecraft on the moon.

2024年1月，日本成为第五个成功将航天器登陆月球的国家。

But the SLIM spacecraft landed upside down. This caused some power and communication problems, but the lander was able to operate for a short time. The Associated Press reported this story.

但 SLIM 飞船却颠倒着陆。 这导致了一些电力和通信问题，但着陆器能够运行很短一段时间。 美联社报道了这个故事。

Bryan Lynn adapted the report for VOA Learning English with additional information from NASA. ____________________________________________________ layer – n. an amount of a substance that covers a surface mission – n. (space travel) the flight of a spacecraft to perform a certain task or job sample – n. a small amount of something that gives you information about the thing it was taken from

布莱恩·林恩 (Bryan Lynn) 改编了美国之音英语学习频道的报告，并添加了来自美国宇航局 (NASA) 的其他信息。 ____________________________________________________ 层 – n.覆盖表面的物质的量 使命 – n. （太空旅行）航天器飞行以执行特定任务或工作 样本 – n.少量的东西，可以为您提供有关其来源的信息